What is Dementia?

Dementia is a general term used to describe a decline in cognitive function, including memory, problem-solving, and language skills, that is severe enough to interfere with daily life. It is most commonly associated with aging, but can occur in people of any age.

Dementia is caused by a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain, including Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and traumatic brain injury. Symptoms can include memory loss, difficulty communicating, disorientation, changes in personality, and difficulty with daily activities.

Dementia is not a single disease; it’s an overall term — like heart disease — that covers a wide range of specific medical conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease. Disorders grouped under the general term “dementia” are caused by abnormal brain changes. These changes trigger a decline in thinking skills, also known as cognitive abilities, severe enough to impair daily life and independent function. They also affect behavior, feelings and relationships.

Symptoms and signs of dementia

Signs of dementia can vary greatly. Examples include problems with:

• Short-term memory.

• Keeping track of a purse or wallet.

• Paying bills.

• Planning and preparing meals.

• Remembering appointments.

• Traveling out of the neighborhood.

Dementia is a progressive condition and currently, there is no cure. However, treatments and therapies can help slow the progression of the disease and improve quality of life for those living with dementia and their caretakers.